Can Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Become AS?

SOURCES:

Philip Robinson, MBChB, PhD, affiliate professor, The University of Queensland, Australia.

Eric M. Ruderman, MD, professor of drugs (rheumatology), affiliate chief, medical affairs for the division of rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Ali Ajam, MBBS, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Rheumatology and Therapy: “Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA): Advances in Classification, Imaging and Therapy.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology: “Radiographic progression in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.”

American College of Rheumatology: “Predicting Progression of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis.”

PLOS One: “Spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis and the impact of classification as nonradiographic versus radiographic disease: Data from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort.”

RMD Open: “Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: what are the similarities and differences?”

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases: “Axial spondyloarthritis: a new disease entity, not necessarily early ankylosing spondylitis.”

UpToDate: “Patient education: Axial spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis (Beyond the Basics)”

Spondylitis Association of America: “How Disease Severity, Ethnicity, and HLA-B27 Prevalence Intersect,” “Overview of Ankylosing Spondylitis.”

Lab Tests Online: “Ankylosing Spondylitis.”