TUESDAY, June 7, 2022 (HealthDay News) — A blood take a look at might avoid wasting colon most cancers sufferers from getting pointless chemotherapy following surgical procedure, whereas ensuring that those that would profit from the remedy get it, researchers report.

The circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) take a look at seems for minute quantities of genetic materials which are launched by cancerous tumors, defined co-researcher Dr. Anne Marie Lennon, director of gastroenterology and hepatology on the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in Baltimore.

The presence of most cancers DNA within the blood is an indication that somebody probably wants follow-up chemotherapy, Lennon stated.

The take a look at practically halved the variety of individuals with stage 2 colon most cancers who bought follow-up chemotherapy after surgical procedure – 15% versus 28% for a management group that obtained commonplace most cancers care, the researchers discovered.

At the identical time, each teams had primarily the identical likelihood of two-year recurrence-free survival, 93% for the blood take a look at group and 92% for the group that bought common care.

“Its backside line was no distinction. This is the primary examine of its type to make use of ctDNA to information affected person remedy,” Lennon stated. “This is the primary examine that has proven you should use circulating tumor DNA to actually personalize most cancers care.”

About 151,000 new colon most cancers instances are anticipated to be identified within the United States in 2022, in accordance with the American Society of Clinical Oncology. An estimated 52,580 deaths will comply with.

For this medical trial, researchers recruited 455 sufferers with operable stage 2 colon most cancers in Australia and New Zealand. At stage 2, colon most cancers has gone by the liner of the bowel however hasn’t unfold into the lymph nodes, Lennon stated.

It’s identified that about 80% of stage 2 colon most cancers sufferers shall be cured solely by surgical elimination of their tumor, whereas 20% can have the most cancers come again except they get follow-up chemo, Lennon stated.

In the examine, two-thirds of sufferers have been randomly assigned to get the ctDNA blood take a look at about 4 weeks after present process surgical procedure. The relaxation had their want for follow-up chemo assessed within the present method, by making a judgment name after wanting over the eliminated most cancers and assessing the way it had unfold within the colon.

Patients with a constructive ctDNA end result who underwent post-surgery chemotherapy wound up with a three-year recurrence-free survival charge of 86%, in accordance with the investigators.

The researchers introduced this examine on Saturday on the annual assembly of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), held in Chicago. The outcomes of the medical trial have been additionally revealed within theNew England Journal of Medicine.

This examine probably will change the way in which that stage 2 colon most cancers is handled, stated ASCO Chief Medical Officer Dr. Julie Gralow.

“If I have been a affected person, I’d wish to know what my ctDNA confirmed, for certain,” Gralow stated. “And I do suppose that is actually fairly strong information, so I believe that it has a excessive chance of impacting commonplace of care within the U.S.”

The take a look at would spare many individuals from the debilitating results of chemo, together with nausea, vomiting, fatigue and potential nerve harm, Lennon famous.

At the identical time, it could enhance the possibility that high-risk individuals get chemo even when medical doctors could be in any other case hesitant to have them bear it.

“Often there is a hesitancy to provide older individuals chemotherapy,” Lennon stated. “We’re going to have the ability to say, look, when you’re ctDNA constructive, we all know your threat of recurrence could be very excessive. Even in case you are older, it’s best to take the chemotherapy.”

Gralow and Lennon added that this can be a course of that might be put into place instantly for colon most cancers sufferers wherever within the United States.

While solely main most cancers facilities might carry out such a blood take a look at in-house, there are specialised labs to which the blood might be despatched for a similar evaluation, the researchers added.

“They do excessive quantity and do it extraordinarily effectively, and the price of it has come down dramatically,” Lennon stated. “It’s one thing that everyone ought to be capable to have entry to.”

The subsequent steps shall be to take the ctDNA take a look at and see if it may be utilized to later phases of colon most cancers, in addition to different kinds of most cancers, to assist choose who would possibly profit from chemotherapy, Lennon stated.

More info

The U.S. National Cancer Institute has extra about colon most cancers.

SOURCES: Anne Marie Lennon, MD, PhD, director, gastroenterology and hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Julie Gralow, MD, chief medical officer, American Society of Clinical Oncology; New England Journal of Medicine, June 4, 2022

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Tattoos have change into a highly regarded (but nonetheless controversial) magnificence assertion in recent times. At the identical time, many people ponder whether they’re good for our our bodies. Is there such a factor as pure tattoos? The reply is sure! There are pure and non-toxic choices. You can take part on this common physique artwork development and nonetheless preserve your physique freed from extra toxins. 

I’m personally as much as 18 tattoos now, though they’re very small ones. On one wrist, I’ve the Latin phrases “memento mori.” Loosely translated, this implies, “Remember your death.” It jogs my memory that I’ll die in the future and that I ought to give attention to residing life within the current second. 

On the opposite wrist, I’ve “Amor Fati,” which principally means, “Love what is.” It’s an vital reminder to not simply be okay with what occurs in life, however embrace it. Even when one thing in life appears tough, there’s typically one thing we are able to be taught from it. Byron Katie even has a e-book on “Loving What Is.”

Before I bought too far down the tattoo path, I did my analysis to ensure they weren’t going to be damaging to my physique long-term. In this text, I’ll share my analysis and expertise with tips on how to get tattoos safely. 

What’s A Tattoo?

A tattoo is a type of human physique modification or everlasting ornament that’s finished by a needle inserting ink into the dermis (the second layer) of the pores and skin. The phrase comes from a Polynesian phrase: Ta, which suggests “to strike.” The phrase finally developed into the Tahitian phrase tatau, which suggests “to mark something.” 

Tattoos are utilized in many alternative methods. They could also be used as a small ornament on the higher arm or as a big work of tattoo artwork like a chest piece, half-sleeve tattoo, leg tattoo, or leg sleeve. They might seem on all completely different components of the physique, together with the genitals. They may be made up of vibrant colours or be so simple as a reputation inscribed with black ink.

A Short History of Tattoos

Tattoo use goes again to historical occasions once they have been utilized in Egypt as early as 2040 B.C. Ancient Greeks and Romans used tattoos as a type of punishment and in addition to mark criminals and prisoners of conflict. It made these people simple to determine in the event that they occurred to flee.

Certain native cultures additionally used tribal tattoos to determine who was “one of them.” 

Tattoos was once seen as a cultural taboo—related to rise up or particular teams of individuals, like jailed criminals, gang members, and even the navy. They often had a sure stigma connected to them and have been typically seemed upon with raised eyebrows—notably when younger folks bought their first one. However, their recognition has been growing over the past couple of many years.

Athletes and celebrities have been one affect within the improve. However, tattoos are additionally typically used to cowl up surgery-related or injury-related scars.

A survey finished in 2004 discovered that 24% of individuals between the ages of 18 and 50 had tattoos, and one other 21% mentioned they’d thought-about getting one. A newer survey finished in 2015 with a bigger group (2,225 folks) discovered that the tattooed group had elevated to 29%.

Problems With Traditional Tattoos

Traditional tattoos aren’t essentially innocent phrases or photos in your physique. There are many issues round what will get injected into your pores and skin and the way it will have an effect on your physique long-term. Here are a few of the issues round conventional tattoos:

• Cancer-causing ink – Black tattoo ink is the most typical shade utilized in tattooing. It’s additionally very excessive in cancer-causing components, like benzo(a)pyrene. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) lists benzo(a)pyrene as a carcinogen. A 2018 evaluate examine listed 51 publications and 63 most cancers instances related to tattoos. Black, blue, and crimson inks have been essentially the most cancer-promoting.
• Allergic reactions to ink – If you’re delicate to different chemical substances or topical components, watch out for tattoo ink. The dyes utilized in tattoos are filled with artificial components that would trigger an allergic response. Most of the reactions are to crimson ink, however folks might also react to the cadmium in yellow ink, chromium in inexperienced ink, and cobalt in blue ink. 
• Contamination with microorganisms – In May of 2019, the FDA despatched out a Safety Advisory to customers, tattoo artists, and retail retailers warning that some inks had been contaminated with micro organism and had been recalled. Infections from these inks might result in allergy symptoms, rashes, or lesions and will trigger everlasting scarring.
• Damage to the pores and skin – Bacterial infections can result in blemishes within the pores and skin, resulting in everlasting scarring. Sometimes keloids (unpleasant scar tissue) additionally kind as a response to the tattoo ink. They typically want surgical procedure to take away them. Inks could also be made up of metal-containing compounds, equivalent to paraphenylenediamine, which might trigger points with pores and skin pigment.
• Tattoos can impression sweating – You are inclined to lose extra sodium and electrolytes in tattoo-covered areas. This most likely gained’t make a distinction when you simply have a small tattoo right here or there. However, vital ink protection can get in the way in which of regular sweating, shedding a few of the well being advantages of perspiration.
• Unknown long-term results – The FDA has famous that, though analysis is ongoing, we nonetheless don’t know all of the potential long-term results of tattoos. While folks report lots of the antagonistic reactions instantly, some results don’t occur till years later. 

The toxicity resulting in allergic reactions, cancers, and unknown long-term results comes from the truth that tattoo inks are filled with chemical substances. Here are just some (there could also be as much as 100 completely different substances in any given ink):

• Solvents, like ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), glycerin, and propylene glycol – The solvents are most likely the most secure of the components
• Emulsifiers, quite a lot of esters
• Binders, like Polyethers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, block-copolymer, and shellac
• Anti-foaming brokers, like polydimethylsiloxane
• Preservatives, like parabens, phenols, formaldehyde, methylisothiazolinone, and petrochemicals
• Metals, like nickel, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, and mercury. (Mercury could also be a hidden contributor to candida overgrowth)
• Microorganisms, like Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Pseudomonas subspecies
• Nanoparticles, particularly in black ink. These nanoparticles can enter the bloodstream and create toxicity all through the physique.

Unfortunately, most individuals do not know tattoos pose any threat to them healthwise. A survey of over 200 folks was printed within the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology in 2018. Researchers needed to seek out out what folks knew in regards to the medical dangers of tattoo ink. 

The examine included each those that’d gotten tattoos and those that had not. The common age was 26.9 years. Of the questions on well being dangers, over 50% of the solutions have been answered incorrectly. Clearly, folks don’t absolutely perceive tattoo dangers and problems.

That mentioned, there are alternatives on the market with out the toxicity of dyes and contamination.

Health-Conscious Tattoo Options

The most vital factor to search for when you’re occupied with getting a tattoo is that it’s non-toxic. You could possibly discover one of many following choices at a health-conscious tattoo parlor: 

Vegan Tattoos

Vegan tattoos are made with none animal-based components, equivalent to glycerin from animal fats. Instead, they use plant-based glycerin. The colours are additionally free from animal and even insect-based components or dyes, like shellac, which comes from beetles. 

Vegan ink takes its colours from pure plant- and mineral-based sources, for instance:

• Black dye from carbon and logwood
• White dye from titanium dioxide
• Purple dye
• Blue dye from sodium, copper, and aluminum
• Green dye from monoazo, from carbon
• Yellow dye from turmeric
• Red dye from naphthol 

Because the dyes come from pure components, they’re much less prone to trigger points with toxicity, allergy symptoms, and most cancers.

What About Henna?

Henna is a well-liked selection for these occupied with pure magnificence. This tattoo possibility comes from India. Henna is produced from a tropical flowering plant that’s grown in Africa and Asia. The henna is dried, floor right into a paste, and used as a dye. It could also be used as a tattoo, hair dye, or colorant for silk, wool, or leather-based. 

The good factor about henna is that it’s not everlasting. It solely lasts for a few weeks at most. Henna sits on the floor of the pores and skin—the dermis, reasonably than the dermis. While it looks as if it could be safer as a result of it’s pure and non permanent, the FDA has issued a warning about non permanent tattoos. 

Henna dye might not be fully pure and pure. Traditional henna could also be advantageous, however now one thing known as “black henna” is common. So-called “black henna” is usually a mix of henna and different components, like a hair dye containing the chemical p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Sometimes “black henna” doesn’t even include henna. Instead, it’s simply the PPD hair dye. PPD is dangerous to the pores and skin, and by legislation, it will probably’t be utilized in cosmetics. It’s vital to do your analysis in your henna artist to make sure you are receiving pure henna.

Organic Tattoos

Are there actually natural tattoos? Not in the way in which that you simply would possibly assume. There’s no USDA-organic tattoo ink. “Organic” is a method of tattooing. The time period doesn’t confer with pure components however the design. “Organic” refers back to the components which are utilized by the tattoo artist in creating the design. 

Organic tattoo designs embrace pure components from the earth, animals, birds, bones, claws, and human anatomy, together with the digestive system, particular person organs, muscle tissue, tendons, and bones. It’s common amongst followers of science fiction. 

For many inside the natural neighborhood, biomechanical tattoos (or “biomech tattoos”) are additionally common. These sci-fi-looking tattoo ideas embrace machine components, typically mixed with the natural thought to create an natural cyborg tattoo. 

Potential Toxicity of Natural Tattoos 

Even when you discover a parlor that makes use of pure tattoo ink, you might nonetheless end up reacting to them. It is sensible as a result of many individuals have allergic reactions to completely wholesome meals. Whether you react is determined by your immune system. However, there’s additionally all the time the potential for bacterial contamination. 

Tattoo Tips

If you determine to get a tattoo (or add to your assortment), listed here are some tricks to be sure you have the perfect and most secure expertise: 

• Find a good place – Do your analysis forward of time and discover a licensed, respected tattoo studio. 
• Confirm hygienic practices – When getting your tattoo, watch to ensure the power makes use of good hygiene and sterilizes chairs, work surfaces, and tools between purchasers. Also, be certain your artist washes his or her palms and dons a contemporary pair of gloves earlier than beginning. Needles needs to be taken from a brand new, sealed bundle.
• Make positive correct care is taken of pores and skin beforehand – Your pores and skin needs to be correctly cleaned with a disinfectant like rubbing alcohol earlier than tattooing.
• Take care of your tattoo afterward – New tattoos ought to solely be bandaged for 1 or 2 hours. After eradicating the bandages, apply a pure antibiotic cream or perhaps a colloidal silver spray. Later on, gently clear the world with cleaning soap and water and gently pat dry. 
• Keep a watch on it – Make positive the world is clear and freed from an infection. For the primary few days, preserve the world moisturized with shea butter, jojoba oil, or a gentle unscented cream. (If you wish to DIY, do this one.)
• Give it time to heal – It can take two weeks in your pores and skin to heal after a tattoo. That means the pores and skin goes to be delicate and fragile for some time. Avoid touching the tattooed space and keep away from direct solar publicity till it heals.

You might also wish to verify this web page from the National Conference of State Legislatures to see what the legal guidelines and statutes are for tattooing in your state. 

Have you gotten vegan or henna tattoos? How was your expertise? Share under!

Sources: 

1. Mark, J. J. (2017). Tattoos in Ancient Egypt. World History Encyclopedia.
2. Belden E. (n.d.). Tattoo’s Dark Days – Ancient Greece & Rome. Tattoo.com.
3. Laumann, A. E., & Derick, A. J. (2006). Tattoos and physique piercings within the United States: a nationwide knowledge set. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 55(3), 413–421.
4. Paprottka, F. J., Krezdorn, N., Narwan, M., Turk, M., Sorg, H., Noah, E. M., & Hebebrand, D. (2018). Trendy Tattoos-Maybe a Serious Health Risk?. Aesthetic cosmetic surgery, 42(1), 310–321.
5. Høgsberg, T., Loeschner, Okay., Löf, D., & Serup, J. (2011). Tattoo inks on the whole utilization include nanoparticles. The British journal of dermatology, 165(6), 1210–1218.
6. Rahimi, I. A., Eberhard, I., & Kasten, E. (2018). TATTOOS: What Do People Really Know About the Medical Risks of Body Ink?. The Journal of scientific and aesthetic dermatology, 11(3), 30–35.
7. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (May 2019). FDA Advises Consumers, Tattoo Artists, and Retailers to Avoid Using or Selling Certain Tattoo Inks Contaminated with Microorganisms. Cosmetics Recalls & Alerts.
8. Luetkemeier, M. J., Hanisko, J. M., & Aho, Okay. M. (2017). Skin Tattoos Alter Sweat Rate and Na+ Concentration. Medicine and science in sports activities and train, 49(7), 1432–1436.
9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (May 2019). Think Before You Ink: Are Tattoos Safe? Consumer Updates.
10. Bäumler W. (2016). Tattoos and Their Potential Health Consequences. Deutsches Arzteblatt worldwide, 113(40), 663–664.
11. Rahimi, I. A., Eberhard, I., & Kasten, E. (2018). TATTOOS: What Do People Really Know About the Medical Risks of Body Ink?. The Journal of scientific and aesthetic dermatology, 11(3), 30–35.
12. Edelgarde, E. L. (October 11, 2021). What Are Vegan Inks? The Black Hat Tattoo. 
13. Schonwald, J. (2022, February 21). Bio Organic Tattoo Meaning, Designs & Ideas. Tattoo search engine optimization web site.
14. Simon, Staff Writer. (2020). Bio-Organic Tattoo Design: Anatomy Sci-Fi Style With Interesting Variations. Tattoo Art From The Heart web site. 
15. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022, February 25). Tattoos: Understand dangers and precautions. Mayo Clinic web site.

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